Reflective Essay Reflective Introduction - 1682 Words

Reflective Introduction Transferring What I Know Reflecting back on my experiences from my Writing 39C (and Writing 39B) class, I can acknowledge the changes and evolution in myself as a writer. In my Week 1 Self-Assessment, which was written at the beginning of the Writing 39C course in reflection to Writing 39B, I mentioned that one of my central strategies in my writing process is focusing on the pre-writing. My pre-writing process includes strategies such as brainstorming and outlining. I mentioned in the self-assessment that I would â€Å"pick up the strategies I have learned and continue to use them in the course of Writing 39C†. With that, I carried the strategy of pre-writing over to Writing 39C knowing that research papers would require a plenty amount of pre-writing. A method commonly used in research papers that I have gained experience in from this course is creating annotated bibliographies which I would consider a part of the pre-writing process. Annotated bibliographies assisted me in my writing significantly by helping me feel better prepared and giving me groundwork for starting my research paper. One habit of mine that changed when it comes to researching involves finding appropriate sources. In prior papers, before taking Writing 39C, I used sources I was uncertain were considered reliable sources which hindered my credibility as a writer. Fortunately, through the workshop/lecture my peers and I got to participate in, while we were in the process of writingShow MoreRelatedReflective Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction People often spend at least few minutes every day before the mirror. Why do you stand before a mirror? What do you see when you look at the mirror? You, right? Technically speaking we stand before a mirror to analyze ourselves by looking at our own reflection in the mirror. The same can be said about the reflective compositions. A reflective composition is the result of introspection into past experiences or memorable events in our lives. We introspect into these memorable eventsRead MoreReflective Essay767 Words   |  4 PagesHow to write a reflective essay by Shadi Farid A reflective essay is essentially an essay designed to emulate past experiences or occurrences in writing form. Most reflective essays are to show the reader changes and evolutions of yourself or certain aspects about yourself, so there is a constant change of tenses during the essay between past and present. During this essay I will be describing the most important parts of writing a reflective essay and all the key elements that should be includedRead MoreMy School Experience Reading And Writing905 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout an essay. With an abundance of hard work, reading essays and novels, going through the e-learning modules, and the help of my teacher and classmates, I have gained the self-assurance I needed to write well and understand the writing process. In the narrative essay I had assigned I really struggled finding an appropriate thesis, as well as, figuring out the difference between a narrative essay and reflective essay. I was getting the two types of essays mixed up. My narrative essay was writtenRead MoreReflective Review-Organisational Change1622 Words   |  7 PagesCode: HRM3120 Title: Organizational Change Assignment 1: Reflective Review Prepared by: Joshua Mathias Word count: 1500 words ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGES AND MODELS USED FOR CHANGES Table of contents Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Description of the Situation----------------------------- ------------------------------ 3 †¢ The Leadership of change ------------------------------------------------------Read MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Practice Theoretical Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesReflective Practice Theoretical Essay Introduction(300) Rolfe (2011) state that reflection is a mental process which include thinking, feeling, imagining and learning about what was happening in the past and which could be considered as a personal experience. Reflection is a continuous debate on what might have happened differently and if this could affect differently the present and the future regarding the outcome if is positive or negative. Experience underpin the process of reflectionRead MoreWriting Styles Essay example646 Words   |  3 PagesWriting Styles In this essay I will be going into detail about three different writing styles used in health and social care. I will also be comparing the writing styles against each other. Persuasive Writing – Persuasive writing is all about trying to get someone’s attention on something. Persuasive writing use’s specific features which help the information used to become persuasive towards the audience. This could include using present tense, using emotive language, using rhetorical questionsRead MoreThe Importance of Feelings in the Analysis of Belief: An Analysis1462 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Belief Essay Introduction When Jon Mitchell discusses belief in his essay, A Moment with Christ. The Importance of Feelings in the Analysis of Belief, he is sourcing belief as having three different modes of cognition (Mitchell, 1997, 77). A reader knows this essay will related to Christianity, and given the New Testaments messages and other input during ones life about believing in Jesus Christ and following his role model thesis, it is interesting to investigate what Mitchell reallyRead MoreReflective Commentary1079 Words   |  5 PagesGuidance for completion of your reflective commentary A reflective approach to your educational and culturalexperience will bring about changes in the way you perceive your academic environment. Further, this reflective approach can go on to produce changes in attitudes and awareness which may, in turn, benefit your personal and professional growth. While a single experience in isolation, such as your overseas or homeplacement,will be insufficient to achieve such growth, that experience coupledRead MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Self Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Self-Analysis Essay My first semester as an exchange student, I decided to take a composition 1 class to improve my English skills. Before I came to America, I thought I was advanced in English and I was so confident to speak it. I wasn’t afraid to take this class because of my confidence to get good grades, although I never had written any essays in English ever in my life. On the first day of class, my confidence was crumbled and I could feel that my English skills were weak when IRead MoreA Critical Examination Of Professional Learning811 Words   |  4 PagesA critical examination of professional learning in the workplace Introduction Nowadays, facing with great challenges like knowledge and skills to process amounts of information in the workplace, we have to engage ourselves in new learning about professional practice with range of activities, formal and informal (Fraser and Schwind, 2011). In particular, reflection is a significant mechanism in practice-based professional development settings where we can learn from experiences, rather than knowledge

La Vague Du Japonisme the Effects of Japanese Art on...

â€Å"It is in general the unexplored that attracts us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Lady Murasaki, The Tale of Genji. (Lambourne 2005, 10). A preoccupation with â€Å"the other† has always been of interest to the French. In Montesquieu’s Lettres Persanes, written in the early 18th century, the French nearly fall over one another in order to gaze upon an Arab traveler in their country. One observer even exclaims, â€Å" Ah! Ah! Monsieur est Persan! C’est une chose bien extraordinaire! Comment peut-on à ªtre Persan!† (Hirch and Thompson 2006, 97). In the second half of the 19th century after the ports of Japan opened, this is exactly what the primary French artists were exclaiming to themselves about the Japanese, â€Å"How can one be Japanese!† and in this quandary, they†¦show more content†¦Paris quickly became known as the center of Japonisme as more people fell in love with Japanese art culture (Yoko et al. 1998). French artists began gaining influences from Japanese art, and Japonisme infiltrated their works. The term Japonisme was initially conceived by French art critic Philippe Burty in 1872 to describe the newly found interest of Japanese culture and to â€Å"designate a new field of study-artistic, historic, and ethnographic.† It freed Western artists from the restrictions within their own art culture and stylistic tradition by opening up a new array of ideas and outlet for inspiration (ibid). It gave artists a whole new array of subject matter, techniques, and devices such as â€Å"the representation of depth and surfaces, the treatment of light and shade, and format and division of the picture plane†¦ the symbolic role of real objects†¦[and], new poses captured through new means of representation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wichmann 1999, 10). James Jacques Joseph Tissot (1836-1902) was among the first artists to purchase Japanese items and in large quantities throughout the 1860’s; one of his more prized possessions was his kimono. At least five of his paintings have Japanese subjects from this time period. While these works do not focus on adopting a Japanese form, they are heavily doused in Japanese content (Janis 1968, JSTOR). In La Japonaise au bain, 1864, a young woman with long

Cold War containment and the red scare free essay sample

As the strength of the Soviet Union grew and the fear of its potential capabilities mounted in the 1950’s, coupled with the fear of communism as a whole in the US reaching an unprecedented point, the effects on the social development of the US as a result of the red scare and growth of communism showed in several ways. As a result of the Red Scare that developed in the 1950’s, American politicians often held strong concern for soviet espionage and as a result were strongly advocating for the removal of heavily liberal politicians with intentions on the verge of outrightedly strong democracy. America had put itself in a chokehold socially and politically as a result of the paranoia from the red scare. In addition, the fear of communism would have effects on the way that politicians approached unregulated capitalism which in and of itself is an antidemocratic practice. The effects of various financial plans on capitalism and capitalism itself would be some of things quelled by these politicians’ actions. We will write a custom essay sample on Cold War containment and the red scare or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After the effects on economy and political structure of America came a swift set of decisions under the moniker of â€Å"McCarthyism†, named after its namesake, Senator Joseph McCarthy. These decisions were made as the second red scare initiated, with events the likes of the Berlin blockade and the Chinese Civil war(leading to the rise of Mao Zedong) having large effects on the psyche of Americans and the overall attitude towards communism. There were a few main threats outside of the US that would mold the events of 1950’s United States of America. As tension grew between the Soviet Union and the United States, talks of nuclear warfare and absolute mutually assured destruction suddenly became possibilities and a wave of fear and anxiety about the first nation to pull the trigger swept through America. This would lead to the US remaining hard pressed in its efforts to maintain communication and watch over other nations so as to avoid nuclear warfare. This fear would only grow when Russia successfully tested its own atomic bomb. Along with the effect of outside threats on US actions, communism within the US would have numerous grand scale effects on the country as a whole. With paranoia mounting for communism in general, many politicians and people of the US would begin stereotyping people based on the twisted ideas of communism and paranoia mounting in general. Many people would be persecuted for their actions regardless of their stance on communism and overall, the actions of Americans during the red scare embodied the same mentality towards the Japanese during World War II. With both groups having profound effects on the US, the Americans would respond with a fierce level of hatred and animosity driven by a mixture of paranoia and confusion over the true beliefs of the Japanese and the Communists as well as the fear of more future actions from these groups. Overall, the fear of Soviet threats outside of the US and the fear of communists within the US had significant effects on many aspects of life for Americans. Paranoia increased, strict regulations and actions were taken and a slew of rash and fear-driven actions would put the nation on a hell-bent race to get away from communism. In addition, the fear of communism within the states would cause the mentality of Americans towards it be one of complete hatred and misunderstanding, a similar resulting attitude as the one propagated towards the Japanese due to a misunderstanding of their people and actions during World War II. The red scare would have an effect on economic plans for the nation, social structure due to how it would affect the mentality and psyche of Americans and how international affairs would be handled in the future, all indicative of how monumental the effects of the red scare and outside soviet threats were on the development of the US in the 1950’s.

Starbucks Mission Statement free essay sample

A Mission statement is defined by Peter and Donnelly in their Marketing Management textbook as, the statement or purpose, of an organization as the description of its reason for existence. â€Å"It is the long-run version of what the organization strives to be, the unique aim that differentiates the organization from similar ones, and the means by which this differentiation will take place† (p8). Many organizations can share similar mission statements. Indeed, it is a safe assumption to say that every organization intends to maximize the customer experience through a professional climate and quality performance. This generic phrasing, however, does not aid in the differentiation. As a consumer, what about a mission statement such as that would draw me to one company vs. another? â€Å"In essence, the mission statement defines the direction in which the organization is heading and how it will succeed in reaching its desired goal† (Peter Donnelly 8). An article for Demand Media, written by Elizabeth Smith and titled Five Criteria for a Mission Statement, gives a fairly succinct breakdown of what you should look for when both analyzing and writing a mission statement. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Mission Statement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Smith first directs us that a mission statement be informative. â€Å"Conveying the overall goal of the organization and giving insight into the idea that guides each project and decision† (Smith). The informational aspect of the mission statement is particularly important because it sends a message to both potential customers, and to the internal employees to reflect back on when making project decisions. â€Å"The mission statement should strike a balance of clarifying the purpose within the field and provide some form of inspiration as well† (Smith). Next, your mission statement should be simple. Too often and organization will attempt a grandly worded mission statement that results in confusion and excessive wording that detracts from the meaning and purpose. â€Å"When it comes to mission statements, too much detail can dilute the overall meaning† (Smith). Furthermore, and most concerning, a long winded and complex mission statement can result in leaving the reader with a vague impression. Since this is the exact opposite of what you’re trying to convey, it further drives home a need for simplicity. In conjunction with the simplicity of the mission statement, the next thing to consider is how memorable it is/will be. â€Å"A mission statement can help guide the actions of employees and decisions but not if it is impossible to remember† (Smith). A solid mission statement, while being short and simple, should also inspire action and utilize wording that supports this desire. Moving on to what I personally consider to be one of the most important aspects of the mission statement is achievability. What good is it to write up a grand statement that promises the world if it isn’t attainable? You will only be setting the organization up for failure, the consumers for disappointment, and the employees for frustration. A strong mission statement gives staff something concrete to work on and a larger goal to work towards while creating a balance between what you do and what you’re capable of doing (Smith). Finally, employee buy-in. As mentioned earlier, the mission statement is just as crucial to the employees of an organization as it is to the potential consumer. If the organization adopts a mission statement that the employees don’t feel represents them adequately, then their motivation and productivity will reflect and the organization will suffer. Peter and Donnelly has a slightly more succinct explanation of what a mission statement should entail. According to them, â€Å"in developing a statement of mission, management must take into account three key elements; the organization’s history, its distinctive competencies, and its environment† (9). It goes without saying that every organization has a history of some sort. Whether founded by 2 people in a dark room with aspirations for great things, or conceived of by a board room of people as a spin-off from an existing organization, they all have â€Å"a history of objectives, accomplishments, mistakes, and policies. In formulating a mission, the critical characteristics and events of the past must be considered† (Peter and Donnelly 9). The 2nd part of an organization’s mission statement should focus on the organizations distinctive competencies. Many competitive organizations in today’s market encompass a wide array of ‘things’ it can perform or complete. However, at the core of the mission statement should be the one thing they do the best. Their fundamental foundation the company was founded against. â€Å"Distinctive competencies are things that an organization does well – so well in fact that they give it an advantage over similar organizations† (Peter Donnelly 9). Finally, the organization’s environment. According to Peter and Donnelly, â€Å"the organizations environment dictates the opportunities, constraints, and threats that must be identified before a mission statement is developed. † This is a step that can often be overlooked by marketing executives. The awareness necessary to be able to recognize constraints and threats can be a sticking point to developing a quality mission statement. Many times people can be too focused on the opportunities to not see the potential hurdles that may need to be included when considering the operational environment. Now I will apply these two schools of thought to the selected Starbucks mission statement which is: â€Å"Our mission to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. † In a straight analysis, the question could be asked, â€Å"do I feel informed by this mission statement? † I think the answer is yes. If you were to ask me after reading this statement, â€Å"how will Starbucks accomplish their mission,† I would be able to reply by saying they intend to place their retail stores in neighborhood areas and focus on the individual sales to specific consumers. I feel that this statement is extremely simple as it seems to cut straight through any amount of vagary and tells me, in very few words, precisely what I can expect from this organization. Hand in hand with this I feel is the achievability of the mission. In keeping it simple and short, they haven’t created a mountain for them to try and overcome. Which finally, I feel is something any employee of this organization should be able to get behind. They aren’t being asked to move mountains or even be overly elaborate, just sell one cup at a time. To apply this mission statement to Peter and Donnelly’s methods however, requires a little more thought. At a glance I don’t see much in the way of history captured in the succinct mission statement provided. But, given public knowledge of Starbucks, it isn’t too challenging to connect the link between the reality of their past and the fact that their current mission statement reflects the method they have employed since first opening their doors. In terms of competencies, Starbucks makes coffee and their mission statement declares their intent to do just think. Finally, the environment. This is something I think is mission from most mission statements, as I mentioned earlier, but Starbucks seems to have captured it in a subtle way. They mention their desire to do their mission in local neighborhoods. This tells you a lot of information. An average person should be able to extrapolate from that short statement the locations (residential vs. largely urban) locations, which would imply a storefront size, and possibly the necessary employee base per location. In this way, I feel that Starbucks has not only given us a quite literal version of the environment they’ll operate in but has also hinted at several of the constraints and opportunities that exist as well. Based on the two methods used to evaluate a mission statement, I feel it is safe to say that Starbucks clearly put some time and effort into what they wished theirs to say. It not only captures all expected aspects of traditional mission statements, but does it in a way that most continue to struggle towards.

Study Guide For Double Helix Essay Sample free essay sample

Part I: Due Friday. January 25th 2013. Type or Hand Write in Ink.Research Huntington’s disease and reply these inquiries. ( 10 platinums ) a.Make this first! What is Huntington’s DiseaseB. How is it caused on a familial degree? Be specific about the chromosome # . familial mutant. dominant or recessionary. and opportunity of inheriting the upset. c. What are symptoms?d. Is at that place a remedy? What are interventions?**Include citations from at least 2 dependable beginnings. Part II: Due ______________________ . Reading Guide Questions and Essay *Be certain to include page Numberss and quotation marks from the novel. when appropriate. to guarantee a complete reply and full recognition.1. What is the connexion between what Wyatt Transgenics Company does and the mention to the amusing â€Å"The Swamp Thing† ? ( 2 platinums ) The connexion between Wyatt Transgenics and the comedian is that in the company they alter organism’s cistrons and that’s what had happened to the Swamp Thing ( pg 64 ) 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide For Double Helix Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What does the term â€Å"transgenic† mean? ( 2 platinums ) Transgenic is when an being is altered by holding a cistron from another species transferred into the original being. ( pg 64 ) 3. How do the scientists make the animate beings develop the coveted proteins? How do scientists entree the proteins? Supply the 3 exact inside informations. ( 4 platinums ) The scientist make the proteins by giving the coneies the transgenic cistrons. so in the coney the cistrons make the coneies produce the proteins in their milk. and so they milk the coneies and sublimate the proteins out of the milk. ( pg 67 ) 4. How can the proteins from the animals’ milk be used? ( 2 platinums ) The proteins can be used for interventions for arthritis and malignant neoplastic disease and several other conditions that affect the immune system. ( pg 67 ) 5. When was proving for Huntington’s disease foremost made legal? Explain how Eli’s parents were able to acquire him tested. ( 2 platinums ) Huntington’s disease was foremost made legal in 196 8. Eli’s parents were able to acquire him tested so immature because they said it was Eli’s father acquiring tested because he was over 18. 6. Based on the novel. what is a Chimera? ( 2 platinums ) A Chimera is a being that is created by a recombination of Deoxyribonucleic acid from different beginnings. ( pg 189 ) 7. How does the term Chimera relate to Eli and Kayla? ( 2 platinums ) The term Chimera relates to them because both of them were made because Eli’s ma had Huntington’s so they â€Å"made† both of the childs. 8. What is the familial marker for Huntington’s disease? ( 2 platinums ) The familial marker for Huntington’s is huntingtin. 9. Should the Acts of the Apostless of Dr. Wyatt be considered legal? Why or why non? ( 4 platinums ) Yes. because it was for the interest of non acquiring Huntington’s. It should be legal because that manner Eli would non hold had to fight through the disease. 10. What are the names of the bases notated as C-A-G? ( 2 platinums ) The names are cytosine-adenine-guanine. 11. Make you hold with the handicapped adult male mentioned in the epilogue? Why or why non? ( 4 platinums ) Yes. because he says there is nil incorrect with holding down’s syndrome so why would people desire to halt this disease because they don’t harm anyone. 12. If you were in Eli’s place. would you take to be tested for Huntington’s? Explain why or why non with points mentioned in the book. ( 6 platinums ) I would state yes. Even though I would be afraid to cognize the truth its better to cognize in front of clip alternatively of it merely get downing to go on one twenty-four hours. Besides because he would desire to protect the kids he would hold. 13. Describe how Dr. Wyatt made certain that Ava’s babe would be negative for Huntington’s disease. There are 2 specific stairss. ( 2 platinums ) He made certain by taking her eggs and happening which 1s would non hold the cistron and so infixing the sperm that would be besides non hold the cis tron.

The History of Semantics Essays

The History of Semantics Essays The History of Semantics Essay The History of Semantics Essay semantics  [Gr. ,=significant] in general, the study of the relationship between words and meanings. The empirical study of word meanings and sentence meanings in existing languages is a branch of linguistics; the abstract study of meaning in relation to language or symbolic logic systems is a branch of philosophy. Both are called semantics. The field of semantics has three basic concerns: the relations of words to the objects denoted by them, the relations of words to the interpreters of them, and, in symbolic logic, the formal relations of signs to one another (syntax). In linguistics, semantics has its beginnings in France and Germany in the 1820s when the meanings of words as significant features in the growth of language was recognized. Among the foremost linguistic semanticists of the 20th cent. are Gustaf Stern, Jost Trier, B. L. Whorf, Uriel Weinreich, Stephen Ullmann, Thomas Sebeok, Noam  Chomsky, Jerrold Katz, and Charles Osgood. In the linguistics of recent years an offshoot of transformational  grammar  theory has reemphasized the role of meaning in linguistic analysis. This new theory, developed largely by George Lakoff and James McCawley, is termed generative semantics. In anthropology a new theoretical orientation related to linguistic semantics has been developed. Its leading proponents include W. H. Goodenough, F. G. Lounsbury, and Claude  Levi-Strauss. In philosophy, semantics has generally followed the lead of symbolic logic, and many philosophers do not make a distinction between logic and semantics. In this context, semantics is concerned with such issues as meaning and truth, meaning and thought, and the relation between signs and what they mean. The leading practitioners have been Gottlob  Frege, Lady Welby, Bertrand  Russell, Otto Neurath, RudolfCarnap, Alonzo Church, Alfred Tarski, C. I. Lewis, Ludwig  Wittgenstein, J. L. Austin, W. V. Quine, P. F. Strawson, Steven Schiffer, John Searle, H. P. Grice, Saul Kripke, Donald Davidson, and Gilbert Harman. Since the publication of the influential  The Meaning of Meaning  (1925) by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards, semantics has also become important to literary criticism and stylistics, in which the way that metaphors evoke feelings is investigated and differences between ordinary and literary language are studied. A related discipline, general semantics (so called to distinguish it from semantics in linguistics or philosophy), studies the ways in which meanings of words influence human behavior. General semantics was developed by Alfred  Korzybski. The key term in Korzybskis system is evaluation, the mental act that is performed by the hearer when a word is spoken. Among the most prominent followers of Korzybski are Stuart Chase, S. I. Hayakawa, and H. L. Weinberg. Bibliography A useful introduction to general semantics is H. L. Weinberg,  Levels of Knowing and Existence  (1959) and F. R. Palmer,  Semantics  (1981). For semantics in linguistics, see S. Ullman,  Semantics  (1962) and  The Principles of Semantics  (1957, repr. 1967); N. Chomsky,  Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar  (1972); G. Leach,  Semantics  (1974); and J. Lyons,  Language, Meaning, and Context  (1981). For semantics in philosophy, see R. Carnap,  Meaning and Necessity  (2d ed. 1956); K. and A. Lehrer,  The Theory of Meaning  (1970); J. F. Rosenberg and C. Travis, ed. ,  Readings in the Philosophy of Language  (1971); and D. Davidson and G. Harman, ed. ,  Semantics of Natural Language  (2d ed. 1973). For semantics in literary criticism, see K. Burke,  A Rhetoric of Motives  (1950) and  A Grammar of Motives  (1955) and the works of W. Empson and P. Wheelwright. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia ® Copyright  © 2013, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www. cc. columbia. edu/cu/cup/ Ads by Google Have You Written a Book? Talk to a Publishing Advisor. Get published now. Get our Free Guide! AuthorHouse. co. uk [pic] semantics Study of meaning, one of the major areas of linguistic study (see  linguistics). Linguists have approached it in a variety of ways. Members of the school of interpretive semantics study the structures of language independent of their conditions of use. In contrast, the advocates of generative semantics insist that the meaning of sentences is a function of their use. Still another group maintains that semantics will not advance until theorists take into account the psychological questions of how people form concepts and how these relate to word meanings. For more information on  semantics, visit Britannica. com. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Copyright  © 1994-2008 Encyclop? dia Britannica, Inc. Ads by Google 3 50 www. sharqacademy. com [pic] semantics The study of the meaning of words. Contrast with  syntax, which governs the structure of a language. See  Semantic Web  and  Systemantics. Computer Desktop Encyclopedia copyright  ©1981-2013 by  The Computer Language Company Inc. All Right reserved. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction is strictly prohibited without permission from the publisher. Ads by Google High School Online Self-paced online courses help you Finish High School your way. www. aiuhs. org [pic] semantics 1. the study of the relationships between signs and symbols and what they represent 2. Logic a. the study of interpretations of a formal theory b. he study of the relationship between the structure of a theory and its subject matter c. (of a formal theory) the principles that determine the truth or falsehood of sentences within the theory, and the references of its terms Collins Discovery Encyclopedia, 1st edition  © HarperCollins Publishers 2005 Ads by Google egypt. dubizzle. com [pic] semant ics  [si? man ·tiks] (communications) The branch of semiotics that deals with the relations between symbols and what they stand for, and defines the meaning that is prescribed for a statement by its originator. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright  © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Ads by Google www. englishforarabs. com [pic] |(theory) |semantics   The meaning of a string in some language, as opposed to  syntax  which describes how symbols may be | | | |combined independent of their meaning. | | | | | | | |The semantics of a programming language is a function from programs to answers. A program is a  closed term  and, in | | | |practical languages, an answer is a member of the syntactic category of values. The two main kinds are  denotational | | | |semantics  andoperational semantics. | | This article is provided by FOLDOC Free Online Dictionary of Computing (foldoc. org) Ads by Google StudiesInAustraliaArabic. com [pic] Warning! The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Semantics the branch of linguistics that studies the meanings of linguistic units. Semantics can also be defined as an aspect of the study of signs in semiotics or as the meaning of linguistic units. [This article will discuss linguistic semantics, that is, semantics as first defined above. ] The term â€Å"semasiology† is historically a synonym for â€Å"semantics. † In linguistic semantics, the elementary object of study consists of the three elements of the linguistic sign- especially the word- considered in their unity: the signifier, the denotatum, and the signified. The signifier is the external element, the sequence of sounds or graphic signs. It is linked with the denotatum (a signified object or phenomenon of reality) and with the referent (an object or phenomenon signified by a given linguistic unit within an utterance or by an utterance as a whole). It is also linked with the signified, which is the reflection of that object or phenomenon in human consciousness. The signified is the result of the social understanding of reality and is usually identical to a concept or mental representation. The three-way link of signifier-denotatum-signified constitutes the category of meaning and the basic unit of semantics. These tripartite units enter into regular and systemic relationships with one another. One unit may be compared to another on the basis of one of the three elements: the signified (in the case of synonyms), the signifier (in the case of homonyms), and the denotatum and referent (in the case of a special form of synonymy known as transformation or periphrasis). Synonymy, homonymy, periphrasis (transformation), and polysemy form the basis of the systemic quality in semantics. The systemic quality is manifested most clearly in relatively small groups of words that are similar in one respect (in which they are synonyms) and opposed in another (in which they are antonyms). Such groupings, which differ depending on the language, constitute structural oppositions. For example, the Russian words  ekhat  (â€Å"to go [by vehicle]†),  idti  (â€Å"to go [on foot]†)  plyt’  (â€Å"to swim,† â€Å"to go [by boat]†), and  letet’ (â€Å"to fly†) have a common feature of â€Å"human locomotion† but are opposed as regards the feature of â€Å"means of locomotion. Such features within groups are studied and described as components of meaning or semantic factors. Elementary word groups may be combined in a relationship of content, forming thematic groups and semantic and lexical â€Å"fields. † For example, all the means of expressing the concept of joy in a given language constitute the lexica l-semantic field â€Å"joy. † Linguistic semantics seeks to provide a complete description of the semantic system of a given language in the form of a thesaurus. The thesaurus vividly demonstrates that semantics preserves what results from the reflection and comprehension of the objective world in human social practice. For example, the concepts â€Å"to be,† â€Å"to have,† â€Å"time,† â€Å"form,† and â€Å"content,† which were developed in European culture, may be represented differently or not at all in other cultures. In the language of the Hopi Indians, there are no nouns of the type â€Å"spring,† â€Å"winter,† â€Å"present,† and â€Å"future†; corresponding- but not identical- concepts are expressed adverbially (for example, â€Å"when warm†). Rain† is named as an object (substance) in Indo-European languages but as a process (feature) in the American Indian language of the Hupa (literally, â€Å"it comes down†). On the other hand, the opposition of substance (â€Å"object†) and feature (â€Å"process,† â€Å"action,† and so fort h) is objective and universal: every language maintains the opposition through its own means and within the framework of its own system as an opposition between noun and verb. Semantics seeks to discover and study these universal semantic categories. The polysemant is a most important object of semantic study and one of the key points in the interrelationships between system and speech (or text). It represents a complex of lexical-semantic variants, related to one another in the system as specific lexical meanings and behaving in speech as the concrete realization of these meanings. In speech or text, words also enter into elementary relationships of another type. The relationships are determined by the ability of words to combine with one another. The combinations permitted by the system of a language determine the distribution of each word relative to others. For example, the distribution will vary for the Russian words  krichat’ (vo vsiu moch’) (â€Å"to shout [with all one’s might]†),  bezhat’(vo vse lopatki) (â€Å"to run [as fast as one  can]†), pozdravliat’ (ot vsego serdtsa) (â€Å"to congratulate [with all one’s heart]†), and  naedat’sia (do otvala) (â€Å"to eat [until one can eat no more]†). The distributive analysis of meanings is a special task of semantics. The word combinations  vo vsiu moch’, vo vse lopatki, ot vsego serdtsa, and  do otvala  have the common meaning of â€Å"to the highest degree,† but the specific form used to express this meaning depends on the combining word; thus,  vo vsiu moch’  is combined with  krichat’, vo vse lopatkiwith  bezhat’, and so forth. The form of expression is therefore a function of the combination. Semantics seeks to discover and study such functions- known as lexical parameters- which allow extensive groups of words, word combinations, and sentences to be represented as systemic periphrases (transformations) of one another. The creation of a thesaurus of functions is a long-range task of semantics. When transformations are studied, the distinction between lexical semantics (the meaning of root morphemes, words, and word combinations) and grammatical semantics (the study of the meanings of grammatical forms) recedes into the background, and traditional semasiology becomes simply a part of semantics. On the other hand, the distinction between the denotatum and the referent becomes essential. Thought correspondence to the denotatum is called meaning, and thought correspondence to the referent and the reflection in consciousness of a whole situation is often called sense. Thus, the content of the term â€Å"semantics† expands and semantics acquires a new task: to study the system of such â€Å"senses. † The study is known as syntactic semantics. Semantics also studies characteristic changes in meaning that occur in the history of a language and seeks to discover semantic laws. The conceptual fund of a language is divided into that which is the common property of all members of a given society and that which is the property of science. The former includes the everyday, â€Å"naive,† or linguistic, concepts (the â€Å"immediate† meanings of words), whereas the latter includes scientific concepts and terms (the â€Å"more distant† meanings of words). An example of the difference is seen in the colloquial use of the Russian word  kapital  to mean a large sum of money and the specialized use of the term in political economy to mean capital. One general semantic law is that everyday words having features in common with scientific concepts constantly strive to merge their parameters of content with those of the scientific terms. Key cultural terms, which differ for each era, occupy a special place between everyday and scientific concepts. Such key terms include â€Å"civilization,† â€Å"revolution,† â€Å"democracy,† â€Å"science,† â€Å"technology,† â€Å"individual,† â€Å"love,† and â€Å"machine. † The meanings of a language’s everyday words and the dominant ideas of society are combined in the semantic content of these terms. In studying the development of key cultural terms and concepts of different types, the tasks of semantics coincide with those of cultural history and semiotics. Semantics emerged in the late 19th century, simultaneously in Russia (M. M. Pokrovskii) and France (M. Breal), as a historical discipline studying semantic laws. According to the aspect of the semantics of language that is taken as the basis for the discipline, various directions are distinguished. These directions include analysis of lexical-semantic variation (V. V. Vinogradov, A. I. Smirnitskii, N. N. Amosova, A. A. Ufimtseva, and D. N. Shmelev of the USSR); oppositive (componential) analysis, or semantic factoring (L. Hjelmslev of Denmark, A. Kroeber and W. Goodenough of the USA, and O. N. Seliverstova of the USSR); and the method of fields and thesauri (R. Hailing and W. Wartburg of the Federal Republic of Germany and Iu. N. Karaulov of the USSR). Among other directions are distributive analysis (R. Langacker of the USA and V. A. Zvegintsev and Iu. D. Apresian of the USSR); logical-transformational analysis based on the category of lexical parameter, or function (I. A. Mel’chuk and Iu. D. Apresian of the USSR and A. Wierzbicka of Poland); and analysis of key cultural terms (G. Matore and E. Benveniste of France and Iu. S. Sorokin and R. A. Budagov of the USSR).

This is a Book report see details below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

This is a Book report see details below - Essay Example Jesus as a figure in history is undoubtedly a very important and pertinent topic for today. There is a persistent question about Jesus that defies an easy answer. Which Jesus is easier to accept and believe The Jesus that the gospels proclaim as the Son of God who came to be born of a virgin with his divine attributes and claims, two millennia ago Or the Jesus that history is willing to accept and record to the extent science and circumstances allow us to explain and prove This treatise is intended to explore the aspect of Jesus as an historical figure. For this purpose, it is necessary to go into the various details that denote history. Details such as ancestry, creed, social and religious customs and background of the relevant times, Jesus' personality, occupation, credentials, circle of friend, relatives and acquaintances, political scenario, and so forth. The study of the historical Jesus naturally implies the study of the old and new testaments as well as church history. In order to secure the views of every reliable source, fairness demands that nothing must be seen to be explained away as irrelevant, immaterial and conclusive. As of date, the socio-rhetorical interpretations technique is ideal in getting close to the historical Jesus because of its meticulous approach and openness to scrutiny. It uses insights from sociolinguists, semiotics, rhetoric, ethnography, literary studies, social sciences, and goes on to interrelate ancient, modern and post modern systems and schools of thought.(1) Nothwithstanding the means available to get to the details on the history of Jesus, questions galore. Enigmatic rationalists and cultists crop up ever so often with profound and radical claims relating to the history, personality and even "matrimonial facts" about Jesus. Controversies exist relating to even simple incidents as: Was Jesus really baptized by John Did he really feed the four and five thousand Did he really raise Lazarus from the dead What did Jesus mean when he said the kingdom of God was at hand And so forth and so on. (2) The Present Status Until the Middle Ages, leave alone Jesus, it was difficult to gain access to the scriptures for simple meditation. Those who did encourage study of the scriptures like Martin Luther and William Tyndale, who had to pay for it with his life, were publicly ridiculed and warned to desist by the custodians of faith at the highest levels. Of course, their successors regret it now! Even after the scriptures became accessible to the common man, for a long period of time, a study of Jesus in the historical context was frowned upon as akin to apostasy. As a student of history, questions on Jesus could not be freely discussed which otherwise in theological context could have been considered too provocative and even sacrilegious. For instance, the question on the virgin birth of Christ is bound to figure prominently in the historical context whereas in the theological sense it could mean inviting trouble. Coming to healings, miracles and exorcism, the controversy only generates more heat and dust and very little light. Historically, as of now science is in no position to unearth evidence of events and oral statements recorded as having been made but for which there exist no solid proof except their confirmation by the

Margaret Beaufort School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Margaret Beaufort School - Essay Example After a demoralising Ofsted report Mike Lavelle who joined with a brief to raise standards replaced the school head. An external factor – a significant external factor is the requirement of meeting the standards that was set by Ofsted report this combined with reports from other schools in the consortium led the school to realize that they would be better off joining the consortium at all cost. However, it is questionable whether a better report would have meant that the school remained antonymous, as the benefits of joining the consortium were more apparent An internal factor – internal factors include the loose leadership as well as poor direction that were provided by the team. The staffs as well were opposed to any changes in the school during the change of leadership. These kind of staff contributed a significant factor to the school failing. Team leaders and other leaders play a major role in mediating the impact that factors set have in an organization or a school context. Thus, they play a very significant role in achievement of the set goals and standards. If the leaders meet the standards set with resistance, then they will oppose such standards as they will not be significant to them therefore adopting them will be met with a lot of resistance. It is important also for the leaders to have the appropriate leadership skills and cultures in order to attain success (Ghalambor 2011, 3). They should also have a good link between other leaders and the subordinates to enhance coordination in meeting the set goals and standards. This is evident in the case above as removing those resistant to change as well as bringing in a stronger more collaborative type of leadership team meant that new school systems could be put in place. This provided a renewed sense of ownership and shared leadership that was lacking in the

Discuss the Satire of Pride and Prejudice Essay Example for Free

Discuss the Satire of Pride and Prejudice Essay The explanation of satire in the Oxford English dictionary is using humour or exaggeration to show what is bad about a person or thing In Pride and Prejudice this notion is almost played upon, with Jane Austen using satire throughout the novel in different ways. It is an entertaining way of subtly poking fun at a person, or group of people, which they are perhaps unaware of. Pride and Prejudice is a light-hearted novel, which although it picks out particular faults in society which existed then, and as Jane Austen sees them, it is a different type of satire to the type of satire that George Orwell uses in animal farm. Whilst Orwell is poking fun at a political system, Austen is poking fun at the social circles that surround her in everyday life. In my own personal view, both successfully ridicule the groups that they intend to. Both authors play on the faults, and enlarge and exaggerate them. Although Austen uses satire in her novel, it is concealed to all but the intelligent; who see the real purpose and not just the comical factor of it all. Austen uses it lightly, and subtly, it is not blatant. She uses it benignly, and never means to be harsh, and offensive. She shows what she has observed, and picks peoples traits; it is the people around her who are the inspiration for the characters in her novels. Using satire she showed the social snobbery between the classes. She showed how the wealthy upper class abused their rank and class and considered himself or herself higher than anyone else. They used people to gain social status in society, and for example, Mr. Collins used to name drop to gain respect from others, when frequently it would backfire on him, and the people would either end up laughing at him or disliking him entirely. Quite often when a person was being rude to them, they would not notice, as it was subtle, this is satire. It is a way of stirring, but it is only ever-affected people if they could interpret it properly. In the text itself, it is very effective. On the surface the novel seems like a complicated love-story, but underneath it shows the true traits of society in the time of Jane Austen. Austen uses characters from the novel to depict the different types of people that there were in those times. In the novel there are several characters that are continually made fun of satirically. The novel starts with a strong statement, It is truth universally known that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in need of a wife. This is as if it is set in stone, and believed by a lot of the characters, such as Mrs. Bennet, Lydia and Charlotte Lucas. By saying this, it is showing the woman to be shallow, and only really caring about the material things in life, such as how much money a man has. The more money he has, the more appealing he is to marry. Lady Catherine de Bourgh is another example of a character that has been satirised. She is a lady who comes from the Upper Crust of society, and has a very high opinion of her. She thinks herself to be highly intelligent and superior to everyone else. She overprotects her daughter, and has an immense amount of control over those who are of her acquaintance. Austen shows Lady Catherines true character using dialogue. For example, when Lady Catherine goes to visit Lizzie Bennet, and they have an argument, Lady Catherine defends her self by saying; Do you know who I am? You are shown whom she really is when she talks. Her opinion is strong, and she dislikes people talking back at her. In the novel, when Lizzie Bennet was dining with her, she would frequently ask a question, then answer it herself. Austen uses Lady Catherine as an example of a person who has a lot of money, and I high up in the social hierarchy, but lacks manners and tact, and is a general snob. A close acquaintance of Lady Catherine is Mr. Collins; who is a cousin of the Bennets. He is the chaplain at Rosings Park, for Lady Catherine. Mr. Collins almost worships Lady Catherine, as she has a lot of money, and he name is well known in society. He is incredibly materialistic, and puts money over personality. He tries to impress people by name dropping, often using Lady Catherine, in hope to gain popularity. He feels that it is important to do this, so that people will be impressed by him, as not only does he know Lady Catherine, he dines with her at least once a week. He is an example of someone who thinks that he has to be accepted in society and does this by varied means. He is a snob, and dislikes people that he feels are below him, although he himself is not highly popular. He has a fine image of himself in his head, and holds a good opinion of himself. You are shown that he is shallow when he asks Lizzie Bennet to marry him, as he claims that he is in love with her, and then when she refuses, he quickly got engaged to Charlotte Lucas, which just proves that he did not love Lizzie, and only asked her, as Lady Catherine said that he should have a wife. He is satirically made fun of most when he proposes to Lizzie Bennet. Austen makes the reader almost pity him, as he embarrasses himself to no end, without really knowing it, and making the reader laugh at him. You can compare Mr. Collins to Mr. Darcy. Mr Darcy is high up in the social hierarchy, as he takes after his fathers name who set such an example, and he sees no reason for him to name drop at all, especially as he is already at the height of society anyway. Mr. Darcy comes across as the type of person who is actually fine with those who are below him, and although he may be off with them, and have formed opinions of them, his mind is not closed, and so there is a chance for it to change. This is shown when he is kind and civil to the Bennets who were not of the same class as him. Mr. Darcy does not seem to enjoy the company of Mr. Collins as he is a sycophant, and tries to get to know Mr. Darcy by talking about Lady Catherine, Mr. Darcys aunt. He is an example of someone who is a gentleman, and does not abuse his social rank, although it may seems like that to many people who do not know him very well. Mr. Darcy was born into money, and so always knew what it was like, and so does not need to abuse it, when there are other people who were not born into money, and do. For example, they might have got their money from labouring, and then made it big, and disowned their former history, and then mocked the people who were labouring. The Bingley sisters are a perfect example of this. The Bingley sisters are examples of new money, people who were not born into money, but made their money themselves. Even though this is the case, they like to think that they were born into money, and pretend that they were always in polite society. They abuse their rank in society, and they mock the people who they feel are below them, they think that those who work for their money are of the lower class; this is ironic as they themselves made their money in such a way. The Bingley sisters are examples of people who have money, and really abuse it by thinking that they are very high up in life, and are rude to those who they think are below them. Mr. Bingley is a true gentlemen, who does not distinguish a person by how much money they have. He is an example to all those who thought that they were better than anyone else were. He treated everyone with respect. This is shown when he falls in love with Jane Bennet, who everyone else thought was far below him, and that Mr. Bingley was far superior to her. He showed everyone else that it did not matter where a person was on the rich list, but what sort of person they were, and that their personality mattered. William Lucas was a vain and boastful man, and boasts a lot about his knighthood, but he isnt really all that experienced, and it is all just a large faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade that he is hiding behind. He is an example of someone who is really proud, but does not really have a reason to be proud. All of the characters mentioned, and several others in the novel are metaphorically wearing a mask, and pretend to be something that they are not, just so that they can be excepted into polite society. They are all one person, as they are like sheep, and copy each other, so that they can also be excepted easier. For example, when no-one knew of the deeds Wickham had done, everyone liked him, as most people did, but when some people found out what he had done, even if they did not tell anyone, you could tell that everyone else was trying to copy them by not being civil to him. They just used to follow the crowd, and they would get so caught up in what they were trying to be, that they would forget who they really were, and what their real identity was. Austen depicts this using satire in her novel, and makes it known to the reader what it was like in those times. In some ways it also can be reflected on what it still is nowadays, except nowadays there is a sheet over it all, and so you cannot see it that much. All in all I think that the satire is very affective, and I think that Austen uses it to her advantages, and it reflects true fully what the real situation was in those times, and how it was hard to tell whom the real people were. I think that the satire that she uses is really clever, and it makes you think a lot. On the surface it is quite light hearted, but underneath the surface it is much deeper than humour, and it makes you understand that there was a lot of people who were so obsessed with being sociable, that in the end you had to laugh at them. It is hard to understand it fully nowadays, as times have changed, and people have different understandings. The satire could become diluted in such situations, but I think that in this case it does not, and it stays strong. I think this because it just makes the modern world which we live in seem so much more trivial, and it gives you an understanding of what it must have been like to live then. I feel that the satire used in Pride and Prejudice is altogether witty, and clever, never once failing to mean something.

The Failure Of Baggage Handling Systems Information Technology Essay

The Failure Of Baggage Handling Systems Information Technology Essay From the article it is obvious that the city officials and BAE executives were at loggerheads and blame each other for the failure of the handling systems. BAE president and chief executive, Gene Di Fonso, supports his argument against the Denver city officials by pointing out that frequent alteration of the airport plans, involvement of inexperienced managers (appointed by Denver city officials) and failure to fix electrical flaws had left minimal time for testing out the system; were the major reasons behind baggage handling system failure. On the other hand, city officials blame the BAE for not fixing the software and mechanical problems by the time when the system was to be operational. But as it turns out, neither side is completely denying accusation made by other. So from the article, it is obvious that since neither parties have fulfilled their responsibilities, all the above mentioned factors equally contribute towards failure of the baggage handling systems at Denver Airpor t. To put it into simple words, the DIA project failed because those making key decision underestimated the complexity involved. Failure to recognize the complexity and the risk involved contributed to the project being initiated too late. Æ’Â   What could have been done by all stakeholders to prevent the failure caused by new technology introduction? It is always possible that unprofessional behavior by the city officials or defective equipment and software malfunction is partly to blame for the failure of the baggage handling system. But searching for a scapegoat is far simpler than trying to understand the difficulties faced when trying to develop large-scale projects. The project management team needed to do a better job of planning prior to the start of the project. The major roadblock was the simple fact that the automated baggage system was designed after the airport construction had already begun while it should have been included in the original design of the airport. Lack of communication between DIA airport designers, city officials, the airlines and BAE further caused damage to the project. Before beginning construction all the stakeholders needed to meet so as to put together a formalized plan. While this did not happen, the communication seemed more like a top down approach. Æ’Â   Give one public works (government) project that has similar or different fates since 1995, and draw comparisons. The much recent failure of the DART mission by NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center is an example of a technology project which can be described as a not one with an expected outcome. The DART projects biggest problem was that it only had one shot to test the technology. Complex hardware and software can fail from just one mistake, flaw, or overlooked factor in millions of actions or components. Mishap Investigation Board investigated the mishap and determined its underlying causes based on hardware testing, telemetry data analysis, and numerous simulations. So to compare with DIA project, we can find similarities in most aspects of its failure, like hardware and software malfunction, and testing problems. Æ’Â   What are the general lessons for this case? As with any project, the initial step should be to recognize the situation and then work towards it. Had the project management team and the BAEs executives recognized their lack of knowledge and the complexities they were facing, they could possibly reduced the risk, if not avoid it. It would have been a helpful knowledge to listen to those who did have the necessary prior experience. Stakeholder conflict, as in this case, with poorly defined roles and responsibilities and almost non-existent communication can lead to disastrous project results. From the article it is obvious that the city officials and BAE executives were at loggerheads and blame each other for the failure of the handling systems. BAE president and chief executive, Gene Di Fonso, supports his argument against the Denver city officials by pointing out that frequent alteration of the airport plans, involvement of inexperienced managers (appointed by Denver city officials) and failure to fix electrical flaws had left minimal time for testing out the system; were the major reasons behind baggage handling system failure. On the other hand, city officials blame the BAE for not fixing the software and mechanical problems by the time when the system was to be operational. But as it turns out, neither side is completely denying accusation made by other. So from the article, it is obvious that since neither parties have fulfilled their responsibilities, all the above mentioned factors equally contribute towards failure of the baggage handling systems at Denver Airpor t. To put it into simple words, the DIA project failed because those making key decision underestimated the complexity involved. Failure to recognize the complexity and the risk involved contributed to the project being initiated too late. So to sum it all up, the factors that eventually resulted in the failure of DIA project included poor management, conflicting roles and responsibilities, poor communication, no change control process, inadequate testing processes, stakeholder conflict, probably conflicting priorities, and finally scope creep by which I mean expansion of initial project design. It is always possible that unprofessional behavior by the city officials or defective equipment and software malfunction is partly to blame for the failure of the baggage handling system. But searching for a scapegoat is far simpler than trying to understand the difficulties faced when trying to develop large-scale projects. The project management team needed to do a better job of planning prior to the start of the project. The major roadblock was the simple fact that the automated baggage system was designed after the airport construction had already begun while it should have been included in the original design of the airport. Lack of communication between DIA airport designers, city officials, the airlines and BAE further caused damage to the project. Before beginning construction all the stakeholders needed to meet so as to put together a formalized plan. While this did not happen, the communication seemed more like a top down approach. The much recent failure of the DART mission by NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center is an example of a technology project which can be described as a not one with an expected outcome. The DART projects biggest problem was that it only had one shot to test the technology. Complex hardware and software can fail from just one mistake, flaw, or overlooked factor in millions of actions or components. Mishap Investigation Board investigated the mishap and determined its underlying causes based on hardware testing, telemetry data analysis, and numerous simulations. So to compare with DIA project, we can find similarities in most aspects of its failure, like hardware and software malfunction, and testing problems. As with any project, the initial step should be to recognize the situation and then work towards it. Had the project management team and the BAEs executives recognized their lack of knowledge and the complexities they were facing, they could possibly reduced the risk, if not avoid it. It would have been a helpful knowledge to listen to those who did have the necessary prior experience. Stakeholder conflict, as in this case, with poorly defined roles and responsibilities and almost non-existent communication can lead to disastrous project results. The most essential factor that helps a project succeed is if the scope of the project is well defined from the beginning. The scope of the project, if at all possible, should not be allowed to expand. Scope creep ultimately destroys budgets and leads to over time, thus undermining the support a project has. Automation off course in Denver Melvin Ver Dysfunctional decision making is the poison that kills technology projects and the Denver Airport Baggage System project is a classic example. The DIA case examines the key decisions that set the project on the path to disaster and the forces behind those decisions. What was supposed to be the worlds largest automated airport baggage handling system; became a classic story in how technology projects can go wrong. The airports baggage handling system was a critical component in the plan and by automating baggage handling; DIA was going to ensure faster aircraft turnaround which would have provided a competitive advantage over other airports. Despite the plan being technologically advanced and a possible winner, it rapidly dissolved into chaos due to underestimation of the projects complexity which resulted in extensive problems and eventually an embarrassment for everyone involved. The missteps that were involved along the way included a demonstration of the system to the media which illustrated how the system crushed bags, disgorged content and son on. While it is challenging to manage and carry out a technology project on such a massive scale, all it requires is precision in planning, scheduling and controlling; by managing critical interfaces with all the stakeholders involved. Æ’Â   What factors caused the failure of the baggage handling systems? From the article it is obvious that the city officials and BAE executives were at loggerheads and blamed each other for the failure of the handling systems. BAE chief executive blames the Denver city of frequent alteration of the airport plans, involvement of inexperienced managers and failure to fix electrical flaws resulting in minimal time for testing out the system; for the major reasons behind baggage handling system failure. On the other hand, city officials blame the BAE for not fixing the software and mechanical problems by the time when the system was to be operational. Since neither side is completely denying accusation made by other and have failed to fulfill their responsibilities, all the above mentioned factors equally contribute towards failure of the baggage handling systems at Denver Airport. To put it into simple words, the DIA project failed as it failed to recognize the complexity and the risk involved. Æ’Â   What could have been done by all stakeholders to prevent the failure caused by new technology introduction? Searching for a scapegoat is far simpler than trying to understand the difficulties faced when trying to develop large-scale projects. The project management team needed to do a better job of planning prior to the start of the project. The major roadblock was the simple fact that the automated baggage system was designed after the airport construction had already begun while it should have been included in the original design of the airport. Before beginning construction all the stakeholders needed to meet so as to put together a formalized plan. Lack of communication between DIA airport designers, city officials, the airlines and BAE further caused damage to the project. While this did not happen, the communication seemed more like a top down approach in this case. Æ’Â   Give one public works (government) project that has similar or different fates since 1995, and draw comparisons. The much recent failure of the DART mission by NASAs Marshall Space Flight Center is an example of a technology project that did not end up as expected. The DART projects biggest problem was that it only had one shot to test the technology. Complex hardware and software can fail from just one mistake or flaw. Mishap Investigation Board investigated the mishap and determined its underlying causes based on hardware testing, telemetry data analysis, and numerous simulations. So to compare with DIA project, we can find similarities in most aspects of its failure, like hardware and software malfunction, and along with testing problems. Æ’Â   What are the general lessons for this case? As with any project, the initial step should be to recognize the situation and then work towards it. Had the project management team and the BAEs executives recognized their lack of knowledge and the complexities they were facing, they could possibly reduced the risk, if not avoid it. It would have been a helpful knowledge to listen to those who did have the necessary prior experience. Stakeholder conflict, as in this case, with poorly defined roles and responsibilities and almost non-existent communication can lead to disastrous project results.

Sophies World Outline

Chapter 4: The Natural Philosophers Charles Williams Madison Smith Anisha Jagannthan introduction: The idea that nothing can come from nothing is introduced. Sophie questions whether all things come from a basic element. She learned that things in nature are in a constant state of transformation. Is there a beginning of everything? What do you believe it to be? introduction: The idea that nothing can come from nothing is introduced. Sophie questions whether all things come from a basic element. She learned that things in nature are in a constant state of transformation. Is there a beginning of everything? What do you believe it to be? Yanotan Zelink I. event one A. Sophie receives a letter containing three new questions. Which she contemplates an entire day before getting another packet with a letter explaining to her that the philosophy course will be going from ancient Greek philosophy up to present day philosophy. B. She learns that the ancient Greeks believed the world was eternal. The earliest Greek Philosophers are sometimes called natural philosophers because they were mainly concerned with the natural world and its processes† (30). So, they never asked about where it came from. Instead they were interested in the question of change. C. The Tao of Physics II. event two A. The debate â€Å"what are we made of? † is raised. Early philosophers shared a belief that there had to be a certain basic substance at the root of all change. B. While some natural phi losophers believed that everything was made of water, others believed they were made of air. Earth, air, and fire were all necessary the creation of life† (33). C. Human-Aesthetic Perfection Song & Lyrics III. event three A. All Things Flow- â€Å"Everything is in constant flux and movement, nothing is abiding. Therefore we ‘cannot step twice into the river. ’†(34)- Heraclitus B. Heraclitus states the world is made of opposites- we would not appreciate one thing if we did not experience the other. C. A Healthy Transformation by Dr. Jeffery McCombs IV. conclusion A. As Sophie thinks about all of this, she concludes that one cannot learn philosophy. They can only learn how to think like a philosopher. V. journal questions A. If you were to come up with your own philosophy about life and what we’re made of, what would it be? Explain your philosophy. B. Other than physical aspects of a human, such as bones or basic elements, what would you say humans are made of emotionally or philosophically? Why? C. If there was only good in the world and no bad, how would it be and how would the outcome affect the world?

“A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution” by Carol Berkin

In the book â€Å"A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution† by Carol Berkin she explains the constitution from start to finish from how it all began, to the debates inside the convention and finally the end product. Berkin takes the reader and puts him directly in the middle of the convention of 1786; throughout the book you can feel the excitement, the frustration, the tensions between delegates and the overall commitment to making a new government work for all. The time for a new government came about in times of fear, many men such as William Livingston wondered â€Å"if the republic could even survive another decade† for Henry Knox made an excellent point in declaring â€Å"Our present federal government is a name, a shadow, without power, or effect†. Meantime the relationship between the states was poor and there was an uncertainty if they would even remain united what with the debts, the economic turmoil, and the slow realization that without England they had no protection from the outside world. The question on everyone’s mind was, is there anything that can be done to save their country? 55 delegates gathered in hopes of answering this question with a brilliant solution of their own. The Delegates that gathered in Philadelphia were among the most respected men of their time. They ranged from lawyers to politicians, from the aged Benjamin Franklin to the young Jonathon Dayton, and you’d find that all of these men were of blue blood wealth or the few who as Berkin put were the minority that â€Å"Had risen from obscurity to wealth by virtue of some combination of talent, luck, and well-made marriages. Nobody present would ever be considered just a common man, and for some such as Thomas Jefferson, they would see these men as â€Å"Demi-gods† instead of the regular, flawed, yet brilliant men that they were. It was during this convention that the Virginia Plan was proposed by Edmund Randolph, which was the proposal to write a new constitution instead of re vising the Articles of Confederation like intended. After many debates between the larger and smaller states on being fairly represented and even more adjustments and altering towards the plan itself, the convention created the Senate which was a body of wise men that was made up of two men rom each state. This worked out to satisfaction of the smaller states and for the larger states they were given a House of Representatives that would consist of a larger body of representatives for each state in proportion to the amount of the people in that state. During the Convention there were many controversies between these men, some were focused on not wanting to upset their constituents back in their home states, and the smaller states were constantly trying to protect themselves from the influence of the larger states, while the southern states feared that a national government would upset the slave trade. However, many of the delegates shared a bigger fear throughout the convention, which was putting too much power into a central government and the fear that the senate and House of Representatives would have too much power. George Mason, an initial advocate of a strong central government withdrew his support and refused to sign the finished Constitution, claiming that the new government would â€Å"produce a monarchy, or a corrupt, tyrannical aristocracy† so for the sake of trying to find a balance, the idea of giving the chief executive the power of veto over legislation was proposed. Along with this power a check was needed, so the idea that a three quarters vote from congress could over rule a President’s veto was adopted. How to elect a President was the cause for some of the longest and grueling debates in the convention, the question of who to trust too choose the president was heavy on all their minds. The delegates knew that it couldn’t be left to the legislative power to choose and Gouverneur Morris even declared â€Å"it would be like the election of a pope by a conclave of cardinals†. To leave the choice to the people alone left the certainty that the people would be led and lied to by â€Å"a few active and designing men† as Charles Pinckney put it. Lost and befuddled on what to do, the convention turned the matter over to the Committee of Postponed Matters where after weeks of debate of their own, they came up with something that we know today as the Electoral College. The States were able to elect an amount of electors equal to the number of representatives in the house and senate. These electors were to meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for two people to represent their state. From here their votes would be delivered signed, certified and in a sealed envelope, to Congress, where the results were to be counted in front of congressmen and senators. In the event of a tie, members of the House of Representatives would select which would be the president. It was through this process that our first President, who set the precedent for all presidents to come, was elected. Even when the Constitution had been drawn up and was ready for ratification by the states, which wouldn’t happen for another year after many political battles between Federalists and Anti-Federalists, the Delegates realized that though this document would suffice for now, they couldn’t escape the indefinite future, so they included in the constitution a capacity for change which was designed so that later down the road when times had changed and change was needed, it could be incorporated into the constitution as amendments. In closing, Carol Berkin did an excellent job of portraying the struggles and concerns that went on in that Philadelphia Independence Hall, the framers fought through frustration, pressure, and with each other. They knew what had to be done, and though some did not remain throughout the convention, we owe our law of the land to the determination of these 55 men.

The Business Environment of the Great Lakes Chemical Cooperation

The Business Environment of the Great Lakes Chemical Cooperation Introduction External factors such as demographic, technological, economic, environmental, and government segments affect the general business environment for Great Lakes Corporation. However, internal factors such as planning, diversification, and competition also play vital roles.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Business Environment of the Great Lakes Chemical Cooperation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, this reflective paper attempts to classify effects of these factors on the business environment of the Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. Besides, the paper reveals the Great Lakes’ ability to survive in a competitive market by reviewing its capabilities. Generally, the above reflection touches on the lead additive industry in United States of America and position of the Great Lakes Chemical Corporation. External Factors Among the external factors that affect business environment at the Great L akes Chemical Corporation include the demographic, technological, economic, environmental, and government segments. These factors oscillate and simultaneously interact with one another to positively and negatively determine business operation atmosphere (Helfert, 2001). To begin with, the legal aspect determined by government policy is straight on production of lead additives. Through a regulatory agency, the government has imposed stringent laws and bills on production of lead additives for gasoline fuel. Specifically, production and use of lead additive gasoline fuel was banned in 1986 and a law introduced to prohibit further use within the boundaries of America. This has seriously affected the company since the market has been trimmed down to export trade in Africa and Asian continents. Environmental concerns have negatively affected production of lead additives in US. Specifically, research has proven that lead additives in gasoline contribute to ill health through heart complic ations, respiratory organ damages, and high blood pressure. Thus, â€Å"phasing out lead internationally, many experts believed, was necessary to reduce human exposure to lead and prevent lead poisoning†¦ an estimated 15 million to 18 million suffer permanent damage from lead poisoning resulting in lowered intelligence† (Mead, Wicks, Werhane, 2002, p. 155). Technological improvement has negatively hindered lead production in Great Lakes Cooperation. By 1991, most states in the US had phased out and modified engines which use lead additive gasoline into those that use gasoline without any additive.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, production of lead additives was directed to a smaller market of Africa and Asia making the company to completely lose the America market. Finally, demographic population patterns and desire for sustainability has seriously and negatively eat into production of lead additives by the Great Lakes. As the population growth surges forward, there is greater concern on environmental sustainability and pollution. Research has proven that lead is the lead cause of high blood pressure and respiratory organs complications. Besides, lead is non biodegradable and takes longer time to integrate in the soil. As a result of increase in death and illnesses associated with lead production, it was necessary to address demographic concern by banning its use in America in the transport industry. Lead Additive Industry The five forces of competition are the threat new entrants, bargaining power of supplier, bargaining power buyers, and threat of substitutes. These factors directly influence profitability of a company since they demand intensity of returns on production and investment (Jone Hill, 2009). The lead industry in the United States exhibits throat-neck competition. Due to the ban on use of lead add itives in the beginning of the twenty first century, buyers and users of this product have identified alternatives that serve same purpose as the additive. Besides, the government has phased out car engines that use lead additives. In addition, pressure from environmentalists has placed the company in a tight spot despite efforts to introduce financial incentives and commitments to environmental issues. In response, the company has diversified by producing a variety of other supplements such as household cleaners, polymer stabilizers, flame retardants, and fire supplements. Besides, the company managed to buy its major competitor; Octel associates. This strategy has enabled the company to rejuvenate its plunging sales. Specifically, the strategy helped to rescue the company from a looming financial crisis. â€Å"In 1994, Octel represented 59% or $259 million of Great Lakes total operating profit of 439 million. Some Wall Street analysts Octel share of profits from current operation s would not fall below 50% for many year, despite an 8% decline in pounds of TEL sold† (Mead, Wicks, Werhane, 2002, p. 157). Through diversification in products, the company has managed to secure itself from threat of competition from new entrants. Through production of bromine by its sister company Octel.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Business Environment of the Great Lakes Chemical Cooperation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company is assured of survival despite decline in profits. Besides, the company has been in the front line in production of supplements such as fire retardants, polymer stabilizers, and household cleaners in order to remain competitive as the world embrace clean energy and need for sustainability. Though the purchasing of Octel Associates, the company has managed to trim down the intensity of rivalry form their main competitor. In addition, the company has proposed a pol icy to the market regulators and governments of potential consumers to revise the time limit for phasing out lead additives in gasoline. This proposal in meant to buy time and look for an alternative arguing that the 2010 deadline was unrealistic since many engines stint lack instant converters. Status of the Industry From the analysis, it is apparent that this industry is an attractive due to opposition from the demand forces, environmentalists, governments, and sustainability issues. Despite efforts to survive the turbulence, survival may only be in short term unless the company fully adopts alternative products other than lead additives. Besides, the motor industry has embraced the instant converter technology which enables engine to operate minus these additives. Competitors The current competitors of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation are those companies that manufacture biodegradable additives. These companies have embraced the issue of sustainability and environmental friendlin ess. Besides, engine manufacturers have embraced the technology of instant converters in motor engines. This development has made lead additives an alternative and not necessarily a condition. In addition, the impending competitors are manufacturers of non fossil gasoline which do not require additives. The projected competitors will be commercial production of electric vehicles and solar propelled engines. The company will eventually fade off when the market for electric and green energy engine stabilizes. As the need for greener and sustainable environment grows, it is factual that the company will experience heated competition from companies with green energy technology. Naturally, human beings will opt for the best alternative in satisfaction of needs (Jone Hill, 2009). When green energy alternative becomes viable in motor industry, it will be difficult for the company to remain feasible. Capabilities of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation The company has a strong financial base o f almost 440 million dollar in operating profits. Besides, the company controls an expansive market in the continents of Africa and Asia that are still underdeveloped and rely on lead products.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to stable demand from developing countries, the company remains a force in the industry. Besides, the company has an option of phasing out lead additives production but with a dire consequence on profitability and returns on investments from its share holders. When this option is adopted, it will mean the company has to adopt a short term plan of implementing a complete phase out of its lead additive industry. According to projections, this option is possible within a five year plan. However, its adoption is likely to affect the developing countries that cannot afford the improved engines and products that are lead additive free. References Helfert, E. (2001). Financial analysis, tools and techniques: Assessment of business performance, New York: McGraw-Hill books. Jone, G., Hill, C. (2009). Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Alabama: Cangage Learning. Mead, J., Wicks, A.C., Werhane, P.H. (2002). Great Lakes: Great Decisions: Virginia: University of Virginia, Darden School Foundation.

Hot Tub Time Machine a Cult Film Essay Example

Hot Tub Time Machine a Cult Film Essay Example Hot Tub Time Machine a Cult Film Paper Hot Tub Time Machine a Cult Film Paper Essay Topic: The Time Machine Hot Tub Time Machine A Cult Film I will argue that the movie â€Å"Hot Tub Time Machine† is in fact a cult film. Hot Tub Time Machine tells a story of a malfunctioning time machine in the form of a hot tub, at a ski resort. The hot tub takes a man back to 1986 with his two friends and one of their nephew. They are taken back in time where they must relive a fatal night and not change anything to make sure the nephew is born in the future. Cult films are my favorite type of movie. They are movies that I can relate to, like when my friends and I go out to parties and just have and forget about all our stress. I enjoy being able to watch a movie over and over again and still find it just as funny as the first time I saw it. Some people believe that Hot Tub Time Machine is not a cult film because they do not find it humorous because they cannot follow the plot. However, cult films may be best described as being â€Å"so bad it’s good. †(EAA. Time Warp, pg. 278) â€Å"They are a little bit different and they require some thought or interpretation. †(EAA. â€Å"It Feels Real† pg. 277) Cult films are not that well processed or clean cut. They are more like real life and do not always offer a clean conclusion. The films cause one to use their imagination in order to interpret the hidden humor. Cult films are meant to be funny. The movies are full of innuendos and adult humor. For example, Hot Tub Time Machine expresses foul language, excessive drug use, and sexual content. These movies have the kind of humor that teens are attracted to. I personally find the humor to be very enjoyable; my mother on the other hand hates the movie. She thinks the movie is wildly inappropriate and just down right stupid. She does not like when I watch it, and I find that ironic because the movie plot takes place during 1986 when she was young and partying at ski resorts as well. â€Å"You are sitting with these people you have never met, but by the end of the movie there is an energy-you are a community. † I find the word â€Å"cult† to resemble a negative meaning but at the same time a cult refers to a group. For lack of a better example the KKK would be considered a cult. People who go to these movies want to be there and share the same interests, or views, and laugh at the same kinds of jokes. Cult films are more often than not quoted by its fans. My best friend and I find awkward situations to be some of the funniest moments. When we find ourselves in these moments we say the words â€Å"’great white buffalo† back and forth, getting softer every time. This quote was taken from Hot Tub Time Machine, and depending on whether the people around are fans or not they will laugh and join in. it is like an instant bond when you come across a person who just used a quote from your favorite movie in their everyday conversation. It is the way fans express their love of the movie, and having quotable dialogue is a major component to a good cult film. â€Å"Many people look to film as an escape, others are looking to find different thoughts. †(EAA. The Offbeat Allure of Cult Films. Pg. 279). When you watch a movie it gives you the chance to imagine yourself in whatever situation you are currently watching. Since cult films are based mainly on humor they depict positive energy, and fun places that people would like to be, along with situations they had never thought possible to find themselves in. Hot Tub Time Machine is full of absolutely ridiculous situations that you would more often than not ever happen in real life. For example, multiple times during an ice sculpting competition a bell hop tries to throw his chain saw into the air and catch it in order to impress the crowd. Every time he tries he slips on the ice and miraculously it misses cutting off his arm. Later on in the future you see the same bell hop only older and missing an arm, only to find out he lost it doing something completely irrelevant. Stupid but funny, I know. Cult films are meant to be enjoyed and laughed at, and if you think about it they are meant to always be remembered. You do not really hear many people quoting movies with a serious plot line. Humor just may very well be the key to good advertisement. As a teen myself I appreciate cult films and the light hearted outlook on life they express. I enjoy being able to laugh and lose myself in a movie for a couple of hours or so, and watching Hot Tub Time Machine is one of the best ways I know how to do so.

Delta Airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Delta Airlines - Essay Example The company survived the tough market conditions in the aftermath of 9/11 to become the top player in the industry. Delta Airlines has benefited from implementing innovative marketing strategies. The use of marketing alliances has enabled Delta to increase its travel destination offerings by 54%. A branding strategy allows a company to charge a premium price for its services while retaining a higher proportion of its customers. Branding strategy develop over time. Delta has been in the industry over 85 years. Delta has been able to increase the value of its brand by being a good corporate citizen. The company has great environmental record. The company hired ENSR, a leading environmental service provider to implement a recycling program in order to reduce the amount of waste generated in its flights (Lohas, 2007). The grand marketing strategy Delta is utilizing is a differentiation strategy. Differentiated marketing involves operating in several market segments and designing products or special service offering for each segment (Kotler, 2003). Two factors that enabled the company to differentiate itself from its competition are product variety and the quality of its service offerings. With the help of marketing alliances and partnerships the company is able offer its customer 572 different travel destinations. The company’s ability to enter into partnership agreements with other airlines allowed the enterprise to increase its target market. The marketing alliances at Delta have increased the scope of the companies market. The company’s customer profile includes both business travelers and people who travel in leisure trips. The markets the company targets are not limited to domestic travelers. The marketing alliances Delta established helped the company increase its presence in foreign marketplaces. Delta airlines utilizes a segmentation marketing strategy. The company uses its strategic alliance as tool to penetrate different

Court Administrator and his Problems in Organization Problems Essay - 1

Court Administrator and his Problems in Organization Problems - Essay Example Thus, I would suggest that there be a secret balloting to identify the decisions of the judges on certain matters then, a decision can be reached. One way to improve the communication throughout the organization is first identifying what type of communication does the organization need and prefer. There should also be activities that would be able to help the employees to release their stress. There are several activities that can be done, like, sports events. There can also be a welcome party for the incoming judge and a farewell for the outgoing. This can promote camaraderie among employees. I can solicit suggestions and ideas from Judge Cortez on what she thinks regarding the disputes among the employees. These are valuable insights that might be able to provide the court administrator with an initiative on how to solve the problems. For Judge Cortez’ successor, these proposals can be made so that s/he would be able to start or continue the reconciliation efforts among the offices of the court. 1. In a general way, discuss both the merits and difficulties posed by this case management approach. Relate your response to the general advantages and disadvantages of both the individual and the master calendar systems. One of the greatest advantages of the individual calendar system is that it is easier to pin down delay. One can easily match up to judges’ dockets to find out what are the developments of the cases, whether it is moving or not. On the other hand, the master calendar systems’ highlight is that judges who specialize in a specific phase of the proceedings can be allowed to handle such. Although both systems also carry disadvantages like for the individual calendar system the speed of the disposition of cases depends on the judges. For the master calendar system, the disadvantage lies in the lack of the way to see where the delay is.  

A critical assessment of a marketing execution Essay - 2

A critical assessment of a marketing execution - Essay Example Hofstede makes it easy for people studying in the area of global marketing especially executing efficient strategies to understand concepts in the same area. The Hofstede model emerges on top of other models developed over the past fifteen years because of its application in advertising as well as global marketing. Different global institutions continue to apply the model by Geert Hofstede of national culture during the whole marketing and global branding exercise. Hofstede’s dimensional framework contributes to the development of theories relating to the behaviour depicted by consumers. Other scholars further develop the theory by explaining it in terms of differences that exist in the concepts of personality, self, and identity (Lee, 1966, 112). The elements, then help in explaining differences in the strategy of communication and branding. They also cover processing of information among them variations in categorisation and perception with impact on both mass communication and interpersonal communication aspects. The way marketing works also fall in this category. This paper takes a critical evaluation of the application of Hofstede’s cultural dimensional model in Italy and Canada. At the end, the author of the paper gives his views on the implications of the model when Canadian marketers present their views on the marketing environment in Italy. Cultural elements in Italy and Canada are several and include among others materi al culture, aesthetics, language, religion, education, social organisation as well as values and attitudes. A reflection of values of the society and nature takes place through the language. Canadians speak English while Italians speak Latin. Both Canada and Italy boarder countries some of which speak different languages from what the natives in the two countries speak. The influence of Espanyol in Canada as well as the influence of English and French in Italy leads to the development of sub-cultural languages in form